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Application of Five-axis Machining Center in Complex Precision Parts Manufacturing
2024-06-12
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's equipment manufacturing industry, the structure of product parts is becoming more and more complex, and the accuracy requirements are getting higher and higher. The use of five-axis CNC machining has the advantages of completing all the processing in one clamping, improving processing capacity and production efficiency. Therefore, the application of five-axis machining center in the manufacture of complex precision parts is increasing.
1. Selection of processing strategy
1-1 Five-axis directional machining
For some parts with good processing area opening, holes on the inclined surface, surface processing and other contents, the five-axis linkage processing numerical control programming is cumbersome, and the processing efficiency and rigidity also need to be improved. The use of five-axis directional machining can achieve efficient and high-quality machining of such parts.
Five-axis directional machining refers to the use of five-axis machine tool processing, according to the required processing area position to turn the two rotation axes to a certain angle, lock the two rotation axes, and three linear axis linkage processing. When the processing of one area is completed, the angle of the two rotation axes is adjusted to continue the processing. Due to the reduction of the movement of the two rotating axes, the five-axis fixed-axis machining method enhances the overall rigidity during machining, and the roughing cutting strategy with higher machining efficiency can be selected.
1-2 5-axis machining
Five-axis machining is commonly used to solve manufacturing problems that cannot be machined by three axes, such as surface normal pull-wire parts. When designing the machining route, the tool is required to cut along the normal direction, and three-axis linkage usually cannot meet its requirements. When machining impellers, blades and other parts with space distortion surfaces, only the five-axis linkage processing method is adopted to make the tool rotate and swing angle at any time to avoid interference. For some rotary parts, although there is no interference problem during processing, the use of three linkage processing methods requires multiple transposition and connection processing surfaces, which directly affects the surface quality and processing accuracy of the parts. The five-axis linkage processing method can effectively solve the processing problem.
2. Construction of CAM post-processing
CAD/CAM software can be used for modeling and automatic programming of machining process to generate tool position path data. The most important role of post-processing is to convert the tool position trajectory generated by CAM software into the NC program of the five-axis machine tool. By reading the tool position file, the coordinate motion change and instruction format conversion are carried out according to the machine tool motion structure and control instructions. Only the correct post-processing system can be used to output the tool position trajectory to the correct processing of the NC program. Therefore, the preparation of the correct post-processing is one of the prerequisites for CNC programming and processing, and also affects the efficiency of debugging parts.
The rotary structure is a five-axis machining center with a swing and a turn. When the spindle angle is machined, the program usually contains the rotation instruction of the workpiece coordinate system. When constructing post-processing, the output form of the fast positioning movement command should first position the rotation axis (B, C) at the safety point, and then approach the parts in XYZ three-axis linkage to prevent the occurrence of shaft overtravel alarm and collision.
3. Application of advanced functions of machine tools
The machining center is equipped with a laser automatic tool setting instrument. When writing a program for precision parts, a tool measurement cycle instruction can be added after the tool instruction is called to ensure the stability of machining accuracy during mass production. The spindle of the machine tool is equipped with a sensor for measuring displacement and vibration. By observing the "machine tool protection control device" in the CRT display, it can judge the tool wear and whether the cutting amount is reasonable, so as to adjust the cutting parameters and replace the tool in time.
Based on practical production experience, this paper briefly introduces the application methods and techniques of five-axis machining center in the production of complex precision parts from three aspects. Five axis machining center has been widely used in aviation, aerospace, military, scientific research, shipbuilding and other industries, want to play the maximum performance of high-precision equipment, but also need to continue to explore and research.
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